The design of adhesive joints is crucial in industries like aerospace, automotive, and railways, where they offer a lightweight alternative to traditional methods such as welding and bolting. Adhesive joints distribute stress uniformly and enable the assembly of complex geometries. This review focuses on cutting-edge technologies, highlighting the role of nanomaterials in enhancing fatigue strength and chemical-thermal stability. It also explores the potential of additive manufacturing to create customized joint geometries and enable real-time monitoring through embedded sensors. The paper examines widely used adhesives, including epoxies and polyurethanes, as well as innovative joint designs, such as sinusoidal profiles and multi-material configurations, which improve stress distribution and Structural integrity. Surface preparation techniques and advanced numerical tools, like cohesive zone modeling and artificial intelligence, are also discussed for their role in optimizing joint performance. The study identifies key challenges, including standardization of processes and integration of novel materials, and outlines strategies to enhance the performance of bonded joints in advanced industrial applications.

Structural joints in precast concrete structures have a determinant role in strength, stability and reliability of such structures. Therefore it is necessary to investigate their behavior under various loading conditions. In this paper, numerous models of Structural joints with different shapes and number of shear keys are selected and analyzed using finite element method and the results are compared to some experimental works and results obtained from codes of practices. Also, the effects of depth and number of shear keys on the reduction of shear stress in this type of joints are studied.

The studies on vehicle body joints show their non-rigid behavior. In other words, when the body is exposed to load or forced displacement, its response is partially related to the magnitude of the flexibility of the joints between the Structural members. Neglecting the joints flexibility and considering them as rigid connections may lead to substantial error in analyzing body Structural stiffness. The displacement value of the joint area is remarkable compared with the displacement of the loaded point. This shows the importance of the subject for which sufficient attention must be paid if an accurate evaluation of the body behavior under different load conditions is desired. The present work investigates the elastic behavior of a T-shaped joint and renders a method for its stiffness evaluation. In this method partial displacement of the loaded point caused by joint area displacement is measured. Then the stiffness of the joint area in terms of the torque causing one radian angular displacement of the joint is calculated. Moreover, the stiffness of a T-shaped joint of a vehicle body designed and manufactured in a local vehicle maker is determined. The results pertaining displacement of the joint area show importance of the joints stiffness. At last, the experimental results are verified through finite element analysis of the model using commercial software. Comparing the results shows appropriate agreement between analytical and experimental results.

Deteriorated segmental beam failure in civil engineering constructions is caused by environmental conditions, material deterioration, and design errors. Effective maintenance and rehabilitation techniques require a thorough understanding of these reasons. Chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcing steel due to marine circumference cycles causes corrosion, bond losses, and reduced beam capacity. Structural distress can result from reduced steel cross-sectional area or loss of bond between concrete and reinforcing steel. The current research focuses on studying the effect of deterioration (accelerated corrosion process) on the Structural performance of prestressed precast concrete segmental beams under concentric and eccentric loads. Six segmental beam specimens with 1800 mm length and hollow cross-section dimensions of 300×300 mm were tested. The adopted variables included the presence or absence of damage (corrode), load type (concentric or eccentric), and presence or absence of externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer strips. All beam specimens were clamped at the ends, then the middle segments were loaded by applying a vertical load with eccentricities of 0, and 100 mm to achieve the required bending and torsion. It was concluded that a 15% corrosion of reinforcement causes a deterioration of concrete strength, which leads to a decrease in the ultimate load-carrying capacity by about 23% under concentric load and 19% under eccentric load. It found that as vertical deflection and twist angle increased, in accompanied with the vertical load, the deteriorated specimens experienced a gradual degradation in the stiffness. When compared to control specimens, repaired specimens demonstrated superior load-carrying and energy-absorbing capabilities.

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

Sabzpushan Mt. is an anticlinorium located in the Suthwestern area of Shiraz,within the so-called “Zagros Folded Belt’’. Its axial trend has been diverted from the general NW-SE trend of the Zagros, e.g. from the trend of the two adjacent anticlines (Figure1). It has been rotated in a clockwise direction. A transverse strike–slip fault divides the Sabzpushan Mt. into a bigger northwestern and a smaller southeastern blocks. Qualitative and quantitative methods of morphotectonics illustrate different rate of uplift in different parts of the Mountain. SL– index contour map of the anticline   displays that on the widened central part, uplift is symmetric with reference to the axis of the anticline but it is more prominent adjacent to the transverse strike–slip fault. Drainage pattern study of the different parts of this anticline demonstrates that the trend of the anticline axis offsets at the central part. Statistical joint analysis of the different parts show that a local compressional stress trending N660 E has caused a clockwise rotation of the total axial trend of the anticline,a right–lateral  movement of Sabzpushan transverse fault, and many other Structural and morphotectonic changes.

In order to survive in the complex environment, budget programming or forecasting models have been criticized as inadequate for today’s business environment. Organizations have to use strategic planning to evaluate internal and external situation, then formulate proper strategies and implement them. The key to execute strategy is to have people in the organization understand it. Strategy map has a significant role in the strategic management due to describing strategies of organization and to help people understand strategies. Strategy map is essentially a graphical depiction of the causal model of an organization’s strategy then developing the causal model of the strategy is also important. This paper presents innovative approach to determine causal relationship and levels of strategic objectives in strategy map. For this purpose an interpretive Structural modeling (ISM) based approach has been employed to strategy map. This paper also utilizes the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methodology to understand the interrelationships among the objectives so that those driving objectives, which can affect others and those dependent objectives, which are most influenced by driving objectives are identified. It emphasizes that interrelationship among objectives isn’t only down to up, it is on both side. An actual example of a small case pipe and fittings manufacturing company provides some managerial insights into the methodology.

Many tubular joints commonly found in offshore jacket structures are multi-planar. Investigating the effect of loaded out-of-plane braces on the values of the stress concentration factor (SCF) in offshore tubular joints has been the objective of numerous research works. However, due to the diversity of joint types and loading conditions, several quite important cases still exist that have not been studied thoroughly. Among them are internally ring-stiffened multi-planar XT-joints subjected to axial loading. In the present research, data extracted from the stress analysis of 81 finite element (FE) models, verified using experimental test results, was used to study the effects of geometrical parameters on the chord-side SCFs in multi-planar tubular XT-joints reinforced with internal ring stiffeners subjected to two types of axial loading. Parametric FE study was followed by a set of the nonlinear regression analyses to develop four new SCF parametric equations for the fatigue analysis and design of axially loaded multi-planar XT-joints reinforced with internal ring stiffeners.